GS1 Report Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

GS1 Report - Essay Example Currently, GS1 is the most widely used global supply chain standards system, through it, any organization irrespective of size or geo-relocation can order, trace, deliver and pay for goods along the supply chain. One of the primary techniques used to streamline the supply chain from the raw materials to the manufacturing stage is the use of barcodes; they play a central role in GS1’s functionality. They are a global standard language and they transcend language barriers which have retrospectively posed a serious challenge to the globalization of trade (Crichton 2008). Since their introduction by GS1 as part of the global standardization process, the speed and accuracy of transactions have significantly improved. For the last three decades, GS1 has delivered enterprise solutions and simplified execution of global standards for use in local and transnational supply chains. The chief purpose of GS1 standards is the provision of a structure that facilitates express and operative m ovement of, goods, service and corresponding information. The formation of GS1 was occasioned by a merger between the Uniform Code Council (UCC) and the European Article Numbering (EAN International) in a 1990 cooperative agreement in which they agreed to formally co-manage global standards. The organization has extensive latitude and it governs a global notational membership of over 100 encompassing millions in the 24 industrial sectors. It is highly dynamic and has maintained an exponential growth rate primarily because of its profit reinvestment strategy; all the extra revenues generated by its activities are channeled back to further develop the organization. Supply Chain Management A well designed supply chain is crucial in the quest to expedite day to day business operations so as to reduce the complexity of trade between organizations both locally and internationally. To this end, it is essential that business maintain a set of universal standards, which makes for easier deci sion making in terms of which hardware, software or services need to be purchased or used. Furthermore, universal standards ensure collaboration between traders throughout the supply chain such that identification and sharing of items as well as calculations of quantities across the board can be smoothened. In the long run, this benefit all the stakeholders since goods become easily available and accessible and service provision is more efficient; for instance, in the medical field, errors are reduced and patient safety enhanced. GS1 also plays a key role in combating counterfeit products since it facilitates global traceability and authentication. Relative to the principle of Global Standard, GS1 keeps four global trading products namely; Barcodes, Electronic Business Messaging (eCom), Global Data Synchronization Network (GDSN) and EPC global. They also provide services such as; Customer Service, Education and Training and Barcode Testing (Moore 2009). In lieu with the new technolo gical development that have been integrated into the business environment, information supply and authentication of data is made easier through the Go scan app that allow users to scan a products barcode and access the product data online. The Shoe Size

Existentialism and Metamorphosis Essay Example for Free

Existentialism and Metamorphosis Essay Existentialism is defined as a modern philosophical movement stressing the importance of one’s experience and accountability. Its focus is the make on the personal reflections that these make on the individual, who is seen as a free agent in a deterministic and seemingly meaningless universe. Its philosophy is meticulous that, in a nutshell, advocates a diverse arsenal of responses and solutions to the ‘existentialist attitude’; which, essentially, is what an individual feels when confronted by the absurdity of life. Throughout humanity, rumination and self-proclaimed ‘ultimate’ truths have assumed various forms: poetry, religion, and numerous other doctrines and textual works. In The Metamorphosis, Franz Kafka narrates the ramifications of a metamorphosis in which the subject and protagonist, a man named Gregor Samsa, is transformed into a bug. Despite the novella’s literary methods and influences, the most prominent being the way Kafka so nonchalantly describes such irregularity in his life, The Metamorphosis is also hailed as a prime textual work of existentialism, the previously mentioned philosophical movement. Both prior and subsequent to the transformation, Kafka portrays Gregor as a man who seems lost within himself, and lacking identity. The reminiscences of his past are neither nostalgic nor poignant: his human life is seen to revolve solely around trivial matters. His social life pays the price from this, his failure to assert a concrete and consistent existence. The extent of his lack of individuality is further exemplified by his reaction to the metamorphosis: finding himself â€Å"transformed in his bed into a gigantic insect† (Kafka, 296), he prioritizes work over all else, even in his newly equated insect form. Furthermore, he panics because â€Å"the next train went at seven o’clock; to catch that he would need to hurry like mad and his samples weren’t even packed up† (297). Gregor’s identity crisis is a device for conveying Kafka’s belief of an impersonal society where individualism is drastically mitigated as a result of excessive materialism. Gregor, in the context of Fyodor Dostoyevsky’s Notes from Underground analogy, would be the ‘ant’ in the anthill— thus rendering his metamorphosis ironically. Another dominant theme prevalent throughout the novella is the absurd situation Gregor is confronted by. These nonsensical happenings (296-327) reflect the world as seen from the existentialist perspective: a world absent of a rational and comprehensive objective. Jean-Paul Sartre postulated that ‘every existing thing is born without reason, prolongs itself out of weakness, and dies by chance’. This meaninglessness is precisely what Gregor is victim to in the microcosm of society that Kafka generates: Gregor flounders about, beleaguered by absurdity and helplessness, presumably because he is unaware of Nietzsche and Kierkegaard’s somewhat consoling conclusions that one must devise meaning for one’s own existence ex nihilo. Once again, Kafka utilizes a combination of plot and character to convey his angst concerning an apparently pointless existence. Freedom— or rather the lack thereof— is another existentialist tenet that Kafka addresses. Gregor is depicted as someone constrained by self-imposed burdens, the most demanding being the role as the financial pillar of the family. Despite having the freedom to repudiate this role, Gregor instead pursues it with feverish ardor to the extent that it becomes his ‘sole desire’ (310). Yet his harangue regarding his career (297-298) reveals that this is not due to personal desire, but rather the belief that he must replace his father financially, regardless of preference. Gregor’s delusion regarding an absence of choice contradicts what Kafka perceives as the truth: that freedom is ubiquitous in spite of any ethical obligations we may be expected to adhere to, and that the individual defines his or herself via one’s decisions. A quasi-motto of existentialism coined by Sartre, ‘existence precedes essence’. In conclusion, Kafka employs the fictional literary elements he constructs to address the very non-fictional, existentialist aspects of society and life. Akin to Dostoyevsky’s Notes from Underground, it can be interpreted as both a rumination and tirade against impersonal communities, restriction of freedom, and the absurdity of life.

The Consequence of Marriage Essay -- Theatre, Shakespeare

The Consequence of Marriage William Shakespeare has always been an avid supporter of love as the basis of marriage. Nearly all of his plays support that: Romeo & Juliet, Much Ado about Nothing, and even more notably, A Mid Summer’s Nights Dream. Bernard Murstein noted in his book, Love, Sex and Marriage Through the ages, that â€Å"the young should marry whom they choose and that they not bow to parental wishes† (181). Shakespeare’s tragic Othello reminds that parents are there to guide their children onto the right path towards a brighter future, and is a cautionary tale about the potential implications of a quick or thoughtless marriage that generally end his plays. The ramifications of a marriage outside of social rank and race along with the general social consequences are highlighted to show that marriage is more than just an â€Å"I do† at the altar, and is to be avoided. When viewing Shakespeare’s plays in the context of the time period it is obvious that Shakespeare was more than a storyteller. His commentary was directed at the upper tier of society and addressed the need for convention to be followed. At the same time, he had to be sure that his commentary was acceptable or subtle enough so as not to offend his sponsors. In some of Shakespeare’s better known plays, he teaches that the course of true love never runs smooth, and marriages should not be expected to run smoothly either. Societal expectations of the time were that a woman would marry whomever the male head of the household chose for her. Men, on the other hand, were free to pursue anyone they wanted and arrange their own marriages, with an eye to strategic coupling of social status and finances (Gies 256). Romeo and Juliet showed the importance of parental approval ... ...ve for Desdemona is easily corrupt due to his own insecurities, and in the end, Othello’s demise is no fault but his own. He is the man and could have said no to Desdemona’s proposal of marriage, and prevented the entire debacle. The self sacrifice that he made would have mirrored the sacrifice that Elizabeth made to keep the peace in her country and build it to one of the greatest nations the world has seen. Works Cited Crowther, John, ed. â€Å"No Fear A Midsummer Night’s Dream.† SparkNotes.com. SparkNotes LLC. 2005. Web. 2 Dec. 2011. Crowther, John, ed. â€Å"No Fear Much Ado About Nothing.† SparkNotes.com. SparkNotes LLC. 2005. Web. 2 Dec. 2011. Gies, Frances, and Joseph Gies. Marriage and the Family in the Middle Ages. New York: Harper & Row, 1987. Print. Murstein, Bernard I. Love, Sex, and Marriage through the Ages. New York: Springer Pub., 1974. Print. The Consequence of Marriage Essay -- Theatre, Shakespeare The Consequence of Marriage William Shakespeare has always been an avid supporter of love as the basis of marriage. Nearly all of his plays support that: Romeo & Juliet, Much Ado about Nothing, and even more notably, A Mid Summer’s Nights Dream. Bernard Murstein noted in his book, Love, Sex and Marriage Through the ages, that â€Å"the young should marry whom they choose and that they not bow to parental wishes† (181). Shakespeare’s tragic Othello reminds that parents are there to guide their children onto the right path towards a brighter future, and is a cautionary tale about the potential implications of a quick or thoughtless marriage that generally end his plays. The ramifications of a marriage outside of social rank and race along with the general social consequences are highlighted to show that marriage is more than just an â€Å"I do† at the altar, and is to be avoided. When viewing Shakespeare’s plays in the context of the time period it is obvious that Shakespeare was more than a storyteller. His commentary was directed at the upper tier of society and addressed the need for convention to be followed. At the same time, he had to be sure that his commentary was acceptable or subtle enough so as not to offend his sponsors. In some of Shakespeare’s better known plays, he teaches that the course of true love never runs smooth, and marriages should not be expected to run smoothly either. Societal expectations of the time were that a woman would marry whomever the male head of the household chose for her. Men, on the other hand, were free to pursue anyone they wanted and arrange their own marriages, with an eye to strategic coupling of social status and finances (Gies 256). Romeo and Juliet showed the importance of parental approval ... ...ve for Desdemona is easily corrupt due to his own insecurities, and in the end, Othello’s demise is no fault but his own. He is the man and could have said no to Desdemona’s proposal of marriage, and prevented the entire debacle. The self sacrifice that he made would have mirrored the sacrifice that Elizabeth made to keep the peace in her country and build it to one of the greatest nations the world has seen. Works Cited Crowther, John, ed. â€Å"No Fear A Midsummer Night’s Dream.† SparkNotes.com. SparkNotes LLC. 2005. Web. 2 Dec. 2011. Crowther, John, ed. â€Å"No Fear Much Ado About Nothing.† SparkNotes.com. SparkNotes LLC. 2005. Web. 2 Dec. 2011. Gies, Frances, and Joseph Gies. Marriage and the Family in the Middle Ages. New York: Harper & Row, 1987. Print. Murstein, Bernard I. Love, Sex, and Marriage through the Ages. New York: Springer Pub., 1974. Print.

How is fear and stress created in Journey’s End? Essay

The play Journey’s End is based upon the author R. C. Sherriff’s experiences during the First World War, after being seriously injured in the battle of Passchendaele in 1917 Sherriff began to write the play reflecting the way he and his comrades lived through the trench warfare. The play was written in 1928; just ten years after Sherriff had experienced the war. He is known for many other plays, novels and film scripts although it is for Journey’s End that he is most well known. The characters have to cope somehow with the remarkable amount of anxiety which is thrown at them from the war, so Sherriff provides the audience with how the characters in the play handle their stress. Captain Stanhope, the commanding officer of the company, is referred to by the other men as ‘the best company commander [they’ve] got’ then again, from the pressure of being involved in the World War Stanhope has put himself in such a situation that could make the audience’s possible reaction ambiguous. Firstly, the audience could refer to Stanhope as being an unstable character because of how Osborne describes him as being a potential ‘freak show exhibit’, although this has been said before Stanhope has been introduced into the play. So, afterwards when he is described as ‘his experience alone makes him worth a dozen men’ this is a positive way of referring to Stanhope but this image of him could be destroyed if he carries on with his habit of drinking. Sherriff could have decided to make the character of Stanhope become a drinker so the audience can recognise that even the most important and successful man in any situation can have their weaknesses, so becoming important in an occupation does not mean to have no flaws and to perform with utter perfection. Not all the characters react in the same way however, Osborne had been reading an unusual book for his age and Trotter has scornful reactions to the book by saying ‘Alice in Wonderland – why, that’s a kid’s book! ‘ Although, Sherriff may have chosen this book for Osborne because the contrasts of the cheerful and high spirited book with the horrific experiences of the World War creates an oxymoron for how the major differences between the two help Osborne balance out the severity of War with the bliss from the children’s book. The point of having a children’s book for Osborne could define his character by representing that he is quite like a child himself; although he is not juvenile he can show aspects of vulnerability, also in a conversation with Stanhope about worms Osborne shows he has an imagination like a child because he is empathising what life could be like for a worm, ‘When it’s going down I suppose the blood runs to his head and makes it throb. ‘ Having Osborne reading a book like Alice in Wonderland might make the audience feel a protective towards Osborne since he is acting in some ways like a defenceless child.

Muhammad The Prophet Essay

Muhammad is considered in Islam to be a messenger and prophet sent by God to guide humanity to the right way. He is considered as the last in a series of prophets sent by God. The Quran is believed to have been presented to Muhammad by God. Muhammad is know as the greatest of all prophets to the Muslims, and his religion as the only accepted religion of God. He is seen by Muslims as a possessor of all virtues. The scattered verses of the Prophet had been inscribed not only on date leaves and shreds of leather but on â€Å"the hearts of men.† Muller says, â€Å"Now Muhammad had certainly not lived like an angel† referring to how Muhammad had raided one of their caravans in the holy month of pilgrimage. He also says this because in 632 Muhammad confused his followers by dying. In war Muhammad lied to his men promising them that if they were to die in battle that they would marry seventy dark-eyed virgins. Muhammad also had preached gospels that where unholy. I his gospels he encouraged war and had no message of peace. He also had eleven wives making him unholy, but this had to do with the time and place that he lived in. to everyone but strong Muslims Muhammad was a bad person and a mortal. But to the Muslims he was a descendent of God. Yet Muhammad was a great man, superior to his time and place. He not only preached but practiced a morality that was superior to his era. If he could be ruthless, he was more often gentle, kind, generous. He could be Christ like in his sympathy for the weak and poor. Through the fog of tradition one can see an attractive humanity, as in his unfailing courtesy touched by shyness. His humble sharing of the household chores. You can understand why he was so deeply loved by those around him. Muhammad is like Jesus in the sense that he showed complete dedication to his God. He also had a power of personality that had as deep of an impression on his followers as Jesus made on his. His basic teaching is clearer and more nearly uniform than that attributed to Jesus. The theme of more than half of the Koran is about an absolutely pure monotheism. â€Å"There is no god but God.† Allah is the God preached by the prophets, from Abraham and Ishmael through Moses to Jesus, and revealed in the Scriptures of the Jews and the Christians. Abraham was the true founder of the faith, Muhammad the last prophet, and the Koran the final perfect revelation

The Yakima Indian Tribes essays

The Yakima Indian Tribes essays The Yakima Indians lived on the banks of the Columbia, the Wenatchee and the northern branches of the Yakima Rivers, which are located in the east of Washington. The people of Yakima called themselves the Watailmim or people of the people-of-the-narrows, and they also called themselves Pakintleman or the people if the gap which was because of the situation of their village near the Union Gap on the Yakima River. The Yakima Indians mostly fed on Salmon, roots, berries and they crossed the Eastern Rocky Mountains occasionally to hunt the buffalo. The men were usually the ones who hunted and did most of the laborious work. Their shelters consisted of tipis made of animal skin and the shelters had mats for flooring. Since the area in between the mountain ranges recieves little rainfall, there was not a lot of food there for large grazing animals. There in the small spaces that had food, they found elk, bear, and deer. Antelopes and jackrabbits were found in the arid areas between the mountain ranges. They also gathered bulbs of the camas plant and other edible tubers and roots. Salmon and camas were dried in the summer and stored for use in the winter. Winter shelter for the tribes in the plateau area were sunken round houses, which were constructed by digging a large round hole in the ground, placing poles in a circle to support the walls, and covering the cone-shaped roof with dirt. The dwelling was entered through the smoke hole in the roof. In the summer, shelters were brush or mat-covered dwellings that could be taken apart easily and moved. Clothing for the people of the tribe consisted of robes for men and dresses for women. This clothing was usually made from the skins of deer, mountain goats, bighorn sheep and sometimes of woven bark fibers. They also wore leggings, moccasins, shirts, and dresses also made of animal skins. The white people did not start invading their ...

Free Essays on Nights In Rodanthe

Love and Sacrifice Nicholas Sparks, an American author, wrote â€Å"Nights in Rodanthe†. This is a love story that tells about the relationship between man and woman. It shows how love can surmount the obstacles that keep these two loving humans apart. Paul Flanner, a surgeon, and Adrienne Willis, a part-time librarian, meet at the Inn in Rodanthe, North Carolina. Meeting each other was only destined by fate. They fall in love and end up splitting to their original ways only to regret leaving each other. The sacrifice they take to part their ways makes each other realize how much they love each other. Paul and Adrienne keep in contact by letters while Paul is in Ecuador. The distance between the two grows as each one is excited to see each other when Paul returns from his mission trip. The day Adrienne received the letter from Paul’s son was the most devesating day of her life. She learned how Paul died in a horrific mud slide. The regret she builds up for letting Paul travel to Ecuador to see her son is only for the good. She wanted him to go, but she lost the man who made her the happiest. She teaches her own daughter, who lost her husband to cancer, to move on with her life. Remembering the past is hard when you share wonderful memories, but one needs to live each day to the future and not ponder the past with regret. I have enjoyed this author up until now. His books seem to be all sappy love stories that have bad endings, besides â€Å"A Walk to Remember†. The theme in this story was a little difficult, but it drew out a lesson to teach the reader about moving on after death. I don’t think I would recommend this book to others, because it was a disappointment to me.... Free Essays on Nights In Rodanthe Free Essays on Nights In Rodanthe Love and Sacrifice Nicholas Sparks, an American author, wrote â€Å"Nights in Rodanthe†. This is a love story that tells about the relationship between man and woman. It shows how love can surmount the obstacles that keep these two loving humans apart. Paul Flanner, a surgeon, and Adrienne Willis, a part-time librarian, meet at the Inn in Rodanthe, North Carolina. Meeting each other was only destined by fate. They fall in love and end up splitting to their original ways only to regret leaving each other. The sacrifice they take to part their ways makes each other realize how much they love each other. Paul and Adrienne keep in contact by letters while Paul is in Ecuador. The distance between the two grows as each one is excited to see each other when Paul returns from his mission trip. The day Adrienne received the letter from Paul’s son was the most devesating day of her life. She learned how Paul died in a horrific mud slide. The regret she builds up for letting Paul travel to Ecuador to see her son is only for the good. She wanted him to go, but she lost the man who made her the happiest. She teaches her own daughter, who lost her husband to cancer, to move on with her life. Remembering the past is hard when you share wonderful memories, but one needs to live each day to the future and not ponder the past with regret. I have enjoyed this author up until now. His books seem to be all sappy love stories that have bad endings, besides â€Å"A Walk to Remember†. The theme in this story was a little difficult, but it drew out a lesson to teach the reader about moving on after death. I don’t think I would recommend this book to others, because it was a disappointment to me....

Is High IQ a Guarantee of Academic Success

Is High IQ a Guarantee of Academic Success High IQ is not a guarantee of success but it is a predictor of academic success. The study shows that students with IQ score within the genius level are more adaptable, healthier, stronger, and academically successful but only a few were successful in life. Those with IQs beyond genius level are highly intelligent but socially inept, mentally unstable, and not prosperous. Hashtag: #MouseTrapSpellingBee What Is Really an IQ? IQ is â€Å"intelligence quotient†, the result of a psychological test where a score of 95- 100 is considered average or normal intelligence. Now, by common sense, a score much higher than an  average mark, say 140, is extraordinary intelligence, a genius while score way below 95 is stupid. THE BRIGHT SIDES OF ACADEMIC INTELLECTUALS WE CALL NERDS People often admire a person with above average IQ because they are more intelligent than others are. Study of people with high IQ scores suggests that they have a  better visual perception or the ability to see small things clearly by blocking out distraction. They are also more liberal, less likely to be criminal, conservative in their emotions, adaptable to change, and talk with clarity and precision. How IQ Test Works? Let us explore the rudiments of the IQ Test and find out if people with high IQ scores are better in some aspect. The reason for setting the average score to 100 is â€Å"standardization†. In practice, since IQ Test is often administered in a group, 100 is not necessarily the average but rather a level by which each person’s score will be compared to get the normal distribution in a particular representative sample. The IQ Test measures â€Å"Crystallized and Fluid intelligence†. The term â€Å"Crystallized† means cumulative knowledge and skills while â€Å"Fluid† means reasoning, problem-solving, and abstract appreciation skills. Is IQ Stable When Under Pressure? Therefore, other human qualities such as talent, curiosity, perseverance, and hard work have no value. Moreover, the oldest person in the representative sample will score higher as crystallized intelligence is cumulative or the sum of all knowledge and skills learned through the years. According to the psychologists, IQ scores are only indicators of problem solving and reasoning and therefore do not represent a person’s overall intelligence and success in later life. IQ score is dependent on the physical and psychological condition of the person being tested thus a sick or depressed person is likely to score lower. A person with high IQ taking a #MouseTrapSpellingBee will like falter due to pressure and anxiety over the painful penalty when he makes a spelling mistake. Moreover, a person with high IQ is likely to excel in some aspect of life and therefore not all including a successful life. High IQ and Academic Success What happens if a person has an IQ of 5000? Scores above 200 are an  incalculable genius or profoundly gifted. Therefore, a score of 5000 may be godly but no term is available. The question, however, is people scoring 140 (Genius) or above often succeeds in academics and more successful? High IQ is not a guarantee of success but it is a predictor of academic success. The study shows that students with IQ score within the genius level are more adaptable, healthier, stronger, and academically successful but only a few were successful in life. Those with IQs beyond genius level are highly intelligent but socially inept, mentally unstable, and not prosperous. It’s not a secret that a lot of well-known scientists, artists and politicians have a really high IQ level. They were and are still famous. But did they consider themselves successful in life? Nobody knows. What we do know is that these high IQ people had a real academic success. But is that all for academic success? Not at all! Psychologist Lewis Terman proved that high IQ level is not enough for academic success. Such personal traits as willpower, creativity, persistence, and emotional maturity are the ones which really play an important role in being successful! ACADEMIC INTELLECTUAL IN POLITICS Crystallized and Fluid intelligence are strong predictors of achievement but people with greater Fluid intelligence or reasoning, problem-solving, abstract comprehension has much better chance of academic success. Similarly, high IQ does not guarantee life success as this kind of achievement need more than knowledge and skills, reasoning, and others. It needs hard work, resilience, perseverance, talent, and emotional intelligence.

Political ideologies Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words - 1

Political ideologies - Essay Example However, despite having attempted to define the word, it must be noted that there cannot really be any single definition for the term ‘ideology.’ This is because different people look at the word with different meanings; some might imply it to be some sort of an identity thinking, others might look at it as some sort of a necessary illusion. Many people feel that an ideology is something that should be ruled by the dominant thoughts within society. However, this is a wrong notion because in just the same way, a minor section of society might be thinking along different lines, and creating their own set of beliefs which might not be as acceptable, but are something that they live by anyway. Ideologies may also be termed as illusions or mere fragments from within the thought process of a person. Some of the world’s famous ideologies that have been penned down have included the works of Hegel, Marx and even Georg Lukacs. It has been known through studies in history and politics that the nineteenth and the twentieth centuries have had a great impact on how people live today. These eras marked the inception of ideologies laid down by famous thinkers and intellectual powerhouses. Names like Freud, Keynes, Darwin and Smith shaped the way people existed, and gave life new meanings. They spoke about various things ranging from evolution to economics and helped people understand the reason for their existence. Thus, this is how an ideology might create conflict within culture and society, and the people because not everything is compatible with each other. It depends from one person to another. For example, if one actually would like to understand what the term signifies, then they must do it by putting themselves in different people’s shoes and trying to ascertain what they might be going through and how they might perceive a certain

Abortion Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words - 6

Abortion - Essay Example Pro-abortion activists would say that a child is the womb as not yet been born and so cannot be considered to be life. I would go along with this position but for the fact that it has been proven that a fetus displays human characteristics when it is only a few weeks old. Ultra scans are now so good that small finger movements can be made out when a fetus is smaller than your fingernail. The unborn child does not get a say in what his or her mother chooses to do. That’s right, even a one-week old fetus already has a defined gender. The second issue that is will bring up is how abortions are hurting the growth of our country. Over the last few decades, the birth rate in America has dropped below the level that the population needs to replace itself. Thankfully, the American population is not decreasing due to the mass influx of immigrants each year. However, due to the millions of abortions performed in this country each year, who will become the leaders of our society in 30, 40, 50 years time? How many future presidents, football stars, and musicians are being taken out of the future population by people who live in the present day? All these â€Å"missing† people would have taken up a significant part of the workforce once they reached adulthood. As a result, foreigners are going to take American jobs where no one else is available to do so. The last issue that I will touch upon is the serious medical risk posed to the mother of an aborted child. Cervical cancers are common as a result of abortion, and in the most extreme cases death can occur. Besides obvious physical harm, there are psychological risks too. These are often understated because many people do not fully comprehend them. Instances of sleep difficulties, alcohol and drug abuse, and the breakdown of relationships are only some of the psychological damage that an abortion can cause. The vast majority of women who elect to have an abortion do so without knowing

The role of the World Bank Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

The role of the World Bank - Essay Example d its operations on 25 June 1946 and its first loan was approved on 9 May 1947 for the postwar rehabilitation and reconstruction ventures as concerns to France. It was at the time the largest loans to have been issued by the World Bank. The five parts (agencies) of the World Bank comprise of the International Bank for Reconstruction and Development (IBRD), International Finance Corporation (IFC), International Development Association (IDA), International Center for Settlement of Investment Disputes (ICSID) and lastly the Multilateral Investment Guarantee Agency (MIGA). The activities of the World Bank emphasize more on its role towards the developing nations, ones which are doing their best to catch on to the bandwagon of the developed nations. The fields that the World Bank focuses upon in these developed nations include human development which can take into concern the subjects related with education and health. Then there is the field of agriculture and rural areas development emphasizing more towards the irrigation activities and steps and the rural services. Environmental protection is also a related field coming under the focus discussion of the World Bank. This field takes a look at the areas which discuss the reduction of pollution as well as the manners in which regulations could not only be established but also enforced as a result. Infrastructure is a significant area that is seen courtesy the World Bank whereby the main point of emphasis is on the construction of roads, electricity provision and urban regeneration. Governance is the last pivotal area that World Bank takes into account and this speaks about the anti-corruption laws and measures in place and if the same are missing, then the manner in which these can be had in the first place. Also governance entails of the development of the legal institutions and other relevant corporations coming under this banner. World Bank tries its best to provide loans and other related incentives at

Mangment 3000 Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Mangment 3000 - Essay Example Another factor which can motivate me is the rewards and complements. I always like to deliver 100% in my profession. But if my efforts gone unnoticed or unrecognized, then my enthusiasm might gradually decrease. On the other hand if my outstanding works were properly rewarded or complemented, I will definitely increase my productivity knowingly and unknowingly. I would like to build up my career in my organization and all my efforts were primarily focussed on attaining higher places in my organization. So promotion is the best way of rewarding me for my outstanding performances. I know it is impossible for an organization to reward me with promotions always. Incentives, complements, nice words etc can also motivate me. Managers should have some idea about the motivating factors of their employees. Some employees may be satisfied with incentives or cash rewards while some others may need complements or recognitions. The awareness about these individual differences in motivating factors of the employees will help the manager to make custom made strategies for motivating his subordinates. My perceptions about my profession and my organization are very clear. I work for contributing something meaningful to my organization and for that purpose it is important for me to attain higher places in organization. Moreover, I would like to utilize all my talents for the growth of my society through my organization. I have lot of ideas and perceptions about the changes needed in my organization. I would like to participate actively in my organization’s policy making and decision making bodies. I know very well that I can contribute a lot to my organization if I attain higher places in my organization. I know very well that it is difficult for an organization to reward each and every outstanding works. For example, while working in a group, collective efforts are often required

UK Construction Law (Business lease and landlord breaching contract) Essay

UK Construction Law (Business lease and landlord breaching contract) - Essay Example The time of tenancy is certain and the lease can not be continued indefinitely. In your case, the length is fixed for a period of 15 years. At the end of that term, he would have had to yield up possession of the property to you. The only way that you can take possession of the house from your tenant before expiration of the lease period is by exercising your right of forfeiture. It entitles you to bring the lease to an end for the breach by the tenant of any of the covenants. Forfeiture in your case will be for Breach of Repair covenant by tenant. I am not yet informed whether the lease contained a break clause which would have entitled you and/or the tenant upon service of notice as provided for in the lease. The ‘put and keep’ clause in the lease which is a full repairing and insuring lease is termed a covenant i.e. an undertaking by your tenant to the effect that he will keep the property in good condition and carry out repair if there is some damage to the building. In your case, the external cladding of the building is damaged and it has not remained effective enough to keep the rainwater out, which is causing damage to other parts of the building. REMEDIES FOR LANDLORDS In general the following remedies are available to a landlord for breach of repair covenant by a tenant. He can claim damages for the beach of covenant. In this case, the damages would be equal to diminution in the value of his reversion. He can seek specific performance of the tenant’s obligation to repair as per the covenant. The court allowed specific performance in Rainbow Estates Ltd v Tokenhold [1999] Ch 64. But the tenant can avoid specific performance if he can prove your intention of dismantling the building He can seek forfeiture of the tenancy for breach of covenant to repair. The landlord has to follow the Procedure as under in order to exercise his right of forfeiture. (1) He has to prepare a Schedule of dilapidations in accordance with the following chart . Dilapidations are items of disrepair. These are caused by the tenant not following his covenant of keeping the property in good repair. Preparation of the schedule of dilapidations is necessary as it will be a piece of evidence in the action for possession of property to be filed in the court. In your case, the chart would be as follows Ref Location Defect Remedy Cost in ? 1.00 Roof 1.01 Leaking in some places Water proofing Water stains and mold towards the South Eastern side of the warehouse 2.00 External Cladding Damaged Will have to be replaced Total cost (2) He has to serve an interim schedule on the customer. (3) He has to serve notice under s 146 of the Law of Property Act, 1925. The instructions do not mention whether your lease provides for a period of notice dutring which the tenant can remedy the breach. In such circumstances, the said notice must be in writing and give the tenant reasonable time to repair. After the introduction and coming into effect of the Civil Proc edure Rules, however, its requirements are to be observed before the building is inspected and schedule for dilapidation is prepared. The Civil Procedure Rules provide guidelines for the conduct of parties in Part 56 Position of the tenant Before taking any action for breach in case of a tenancy for more than 7 years and more than three years remaining Leasehold Property (Repairs) Act 1938 applies to that tenancy. The landlord has to inform his tenant about his right to serve a counter notice. The minimum period of this notice is 28 days. The tenant has a

Analysis of the integrated marketing communications mix strategies of Essay - 3

Analysis of the integrated marketing communications mix strategies of your chosen smartphone brand - Essay Example Apple should ensure consistency in the messages and slogans should focus on the unique selling points or the differentiated benefits. Apple should segment its market and select an appropriate media channel for each target audience in order to improve the effectiveness of marketing communication. The company must position the brand as innovative and premium brand that delivers added customer value. Apple Incorporation is a multinational company that designs, creates and sells consumer electronics, personal computers, computer software and smart phones (Arthur 2014). The company has attained consistent market growth and profitability due to its culture of product innovation that ensures that the company anticipates and meets the changing customer product requirements (Arthur 2014). Some of the innovative products that have attained global customer loyalty include the iPhone, iPad and iPod products that revolutionalised the technology industry (Arthur 2014). The mission of Apple is to bring the best personal experience to students, creative professionals, educators and consumers across the world through offering them with innovative hardware software and internet products (Arthur 2014). The report will analyse Apple Smartphone brand integrated marketing communication strategies with a focus on how branding and positioning strategies can facilitate the design and implementation of integrated marketing communications mix. The next part of the report will be an analysis of the Smartphone market in UK including the key competitors, market trends and environment factors that have influence on the strategic decisions. The report will also discuss the strategies implemented by Apple including the target audience, brand positioning, media selection and communication mix management. The last part of the report will be a recommendation that explains how Apple Inc can make the IMC

UK Construction Law (Business lease and landlord breaching contract) Essay

UK Construction Law (Business lease and landlord breaching contract) - Essay Example The time of tenancy is certain and the lease can not be continued indefinitely. In your case, the length is fixed for a period of 15 years. At the end of that term, he would have had to yield up possession of the property to you. The only way that you can take possession of the house from your tenant before expiration of the lease period is by exercising your right of forfeiture. It entitles you to bring the lease to an end for the breach by the tenant of any of the covenants. Forfeiture in your case will be for Breach of Repair covenant by tenant. I am not yet informed whether the lease contained a break clause which would have entitled you and/or the tenant upon service of notice as provided for in the lease. The ‘put and keep’ clause in the lease which is a full repairing and insuring lease is termed a covenant i.e. an undertaking by your tenant to the effect that he will keep the property in good condition and carry out repair if there is some damage to the building. In your case, the external cladding of the building is damaged and it has not remained effective enough to keep the rainwater out, which is causing damage to other parts of the building. REMEDIES FOR LANDLORDS In general the following remedies are available to a landlord for breach of repair covenant by a tenant. He can claim damages for the beach of covenant. In this case, the damages would be equal to diminution in the value of his reversion. He can seek specific performance of the tenant’s obligation to repair as per the covenant. The court allowed specific performance in Rainbow Estates Ltd v Tokenhold [1999] Ch 64. But the tenant can avoid specific performance if he can prove your intention of dismantling the building He can seek forfeiture of the tenancy for breach of covenant to repair. The landlord has to follow the Procedure as under in order to exercise his right of forfeiture. (1) He has to prepare a Schedule of dilapidations in accordance with the following chart . Dilapidations are items of disrepair. These are caused by the tenant not following his covenant of keeping the property in good repair. Preparation of the schedule of dilapidations is necessary as it will be a piece of evidence in the action for possession of property to be filed in the court. In your case, the chart would be as follows Ref Location Defect Remedy Cost in ? 1.00 Roof 1.01 Leaking in some places Water proofing Water stains and mold towards the South Eastern side of the warehouse 2.00 External Cladding Damaged Will have to be replaced Total cost (2) He has to serve an interim schedule on the customer. (3) He has to serve notice under s 146 of the Law of Property Act, 1925. The instructions do not mention whether your lease provides for a period of notice dutring which the tenant can remedy the breach. In such circumstances, the said notice must be in writing and give the tenant reasonable time to repair. After the introduction and coming into effect of the Civil Proc edure Rules, however, its requirements are to be observed before the building is inspected and schedule for dilapidation is prepared. The Civil Procedure Rules provide guidelines for the conduct of parties in Part 56 Position of the tenant Before taking any action for breach in case of a tenancy for more than 7 years and more than three years remaining Leasehold Property (Repairs) Act 1938 applies to that tenancy. The landlord has to inform his tenant about his right to serve a counter notice. The minimum period of this notice is 28 days. The tenant has a

Principles and Articles of the United States Essay

Principles and Articles of the United States - Essay Example The principle of checks and balances monitors all the branches of the government to ensure that each of the branches balances the government so that no one is powerful and supreme than the other. For instance, the judiciary interprets the policy or law, the executive implements the law and the legislature formulates the law. The U.S constitution was drafted in a unique manner of checks and balances to protect people’s liberty and rights against combination of government authority. It made legislature, judiciary and executive completely separate and autonomous as to work but coordinated for proper function with security to block usurpation of authority or power. When people talk about checks and balances in government, it is significant to understand the composition of the three branches of government that can act or amend another branch of the government to prevent it from possessing too much authority over the other branches (Hollitz, 2010). This system has proved to be effective in the U.S. For a long time, the U.S constitution has been analyzed, interpreted, and amended to conform and adapt to transforming circumstances, and the authority exercised by the federal or central government have transformed with it. For example, since the Federal or Central government can affect the States, it has t he right to hold back federal money from the States that do not desire to conform to the plans of the federal government. The constitution grants these powers to the federal government, which it has to exercise in moderation and not excessively (Hollitz, 2010). The system of checks and balances have functioned very well for a long time in America despite the fact that some clashes have occurred, when vetoes of certain branches of government have been overtaken or appointees declined, these cases are rare. The system has managed to keep the judiciary, executive and the legislature in balance, which has seen these branches attain a

Cyrus the Great Essay Example for Free

Cyrus the Great Essay Cyrus continued his expansion by moving west and conquered Croesus of Lydia in 546 BCE and ordered it split and ruled by satraps. Continuing to move west, he conquered the Chaldean empire of Babylon in 538 BCE of whom was led by King Nabonidus. Cyrus’ expansion continued to the Aegean Sea, where he had acquired several Greek city-states in Anatolia and had turn them over to satraps. His successors would later unsuccessfully try to conquer Greece. His empire also continued east to the Indus River Valley, where he eventually met his demise and the end of his empire. He had several capitals throughout his massive empire including Persepolis, Susa, Babylon, and Pasargadae, where he is buried to this day. Woodard 2 The key factor that made Cyrus’ rule much more successful than previous and future leaders was the way he treated the conquered parts of his empire. He was known has a great leader even according to Herodotus, who compared him quite favorably to other Persian rulers. Herodotus said it is because of this fixing of tribute  [by Darius]  and other similar ordinances that the Persians called Darius the merchant, Cambyses the master and Cyrus the father  ; for Darius made petty profit out of everything, Cambyses was harsh and arrogant, Cyrus was merciful and always worked for their well-being.? Many accounts of his kindness were kept in the Cyrus Cylinder. The cylinder is written in Babylonian script stating that Marduk, the city-god of Babylon, had looked for a champion to restore Babylon to it’s old ways, and chose Cyrus, King of Persia, and declared him king of the world. ? Marduk ordered Cyrus to rule over the tribes of Iran justly, and to march on Babylon which was uncontested, and the King of Babylon surrendered and the people of Babylon rejoiced for Cyrus as their king. Cyrus had set himself apart from other rulers by compromising with his empire rather than forcing his entire will on them. He accomplished this by allowing people that had been moved from their homeland to return, most notably allowing the Jews to return to Jerusalem after Nebuchadnezzar had them exiled and held captive in Babylon.? On top of them returning, Cyrus also encouraged them to rebuild their temple, which was also one of his finer qualities. During his conquests, he would allow the people to keep their religions and cultural differences, while allowing them to part of the Persian Empire. While Cyrus did allow these freedoms, he also was able to create an empire-wide trade network as well as a commanding Woodard 3 army due to an overall agenda that allowed him to keep his people happy while allowing his empire to expand. By allowing the Jews to return home and build a temple, he knew fortifications would be built in order to protect the border of his empire. This also allowed for a buffer between the empire and Egypt. He also was able to utilize the Phoenicians by using their trade network to gain access to Egypt’s resources in exchange for being a part of the Persian Empire. His eventual downfall came during his conquests in the Indus River Valley. According to Ctesias, he fought against the Derbici, a central- Asian tribe, who were assisted by the Indians, and they wounded him with a spear.? He was taken back to the capital city of Persepolis to die peacefully. Another account by Herodutus claims that Cyrus was at battle with the Massagetae, and he was knocked off his horse by Tomyrus, the queen of the Massagatae. She then cut his head off with a single slice. Due to these, the exact cause of Cyrus’ death cannot be determined, though he was buried in Pasargadae. ? Throughout all of the rulers in the Ancient World, Cyrus the Great was one of the most successful because he knew how to be a benevolent ruler. Instead of being demanding and risking rebellions, he learned how to compromise with his people, and allow them to have freedom while still having control, which ultimately led to one of the greatest empires built to this day.

Theories of Depression

Theories of Depression Psychology is the scientific study of behavior and mental process (Rathus 4). By looking at mood disorders in psychology we can see that major depression has affected more than 15 million American adults, about 6.7% of the U.S. population age 18 and older in the year 2016 (Anxiety and Depression Associatin of America). There are generally two types of mood disorders; depression and bipolar disorder. Depression mostly involves feelings of helplessness, hopelessness, worthlessness, guilt, and great sadness. According to the DSM-IV, an individual needs to be diagnosed with five or more of nine symptoms in order to be declared depressed. Persistent depressed mood for most of the day, loss of interest or pleasure in all, or almost all activities, significant weight loss or gain due to changes in appetite, sleeping more or less than usual, speeding up or slowing down of physical and emotional reactions, fatigue or loss of energy, feelings of worthlessness or unfolded guilt, reduced ability to concentrate or make meaningful decisions, and recurrent thoughts of death or suicide. Also, the individual must have at least one of the first two symptoms with their five total symptoms to be considered depressed (Rathus 423). According to the DSM-V, there are quite a few types of depression that an individual can experience. The primary example of depression is Major Depression; this can also be known as Chronic Major depression, and or Unipolar Depression. Some symptoms may include persistent anxious, sadness or an empty mood thought the day, feelings of pessimism or hopelessness, irritability and or sudden angry outburst, persistent certain physical symptoms that may not respond to treatments, loss of interest in all or all most all activities that can include sex, decrease in energy, changes in sleeping or eating habits that can result to over or under sleeping and weight loss or gain. Dysthymia is the secondary type of depression mentioned in the DSM-V. This is an overwhelmed state of a chronic state of depression, that was again explained; feelings of a depressed mood for most of the day but must be for at least two years. When an individual experiences dysthymia; he or she may show symptoms of appet ite or weight changes, feelings of fatigue and helplessness, low self-esteem, changes in sleep, and poor ability to concentrate or make meaningful decisions. SAD or Seasonal Affective Disorder has also been mentioned in the DSM-V. This is most common in the harsh winters where there is little light for the body to secrete certain hormones for the body to function properly. The best solutions to aid this problem is to have artificial sun light projected to the individual or either go to a tanning salon. The tanning salon also used artificial sunlight to tan the skin or change the pigment within the skin (American Psychiatric Association). Depression has supporting evidence in both sides of the Nature and Nurture Debate. Biologically, the thyroid gland can affect an individuals depression state. Depending of the amount of certain hormones produced in the thyroid gland, a person may show signs of the nine symptoms described by DSM-IV. Some hormones that may affect an individuals depression state are thyroid stimulating hormones, triiodothyronine and thyroxine. Have too much or too little of these hormones may result in a few conditions such as, sleep disturbances, weight loss or gain, trainability or nervousness, fatigue, forgetfulness, inability to tolerate heat or the cold, and dry skin or hair (WebMD).ÂÂ   Also, disorders such as depression and anxiety have the tendency to occur more often in close relatives of affected individuals than they do in the general population. Between 20 and 25 percent of people who is affected with mood disorders have a family member who is affected by a similar disorder. On the side of the nurture debate, the physiocratic view of depression is that same people are prone to depression because they suffered a real or imagined loss of a loved object or person in childhood. Some learning theorists believe that learned helplessness makes people prone to depression. This was demonstrated by a psychologist named Martian Seligman when he conducted an experiment on dogs. The dogs were taught that they were hopeless to escape from electric shock. First, he placed a barrier in the dogs cage to prevent them from leaving when shocks were administered. Later the barrier was removed. However, hen shocks ere again administered, the dogs made no effort to escape. They had learned there was nothing to do to stop the pain (Rathus 424, 425). In the field of psychology, there are many types of theories for different subjects. Depression has many theories which have different implications for the therapy that is used to treat it. Directly and indirectly, the social environment plays a role in depression. Three examples of depression theories are rank theory of depression, Psychodynamic theory of depression and Becks cognitive theory of depression. Theories are used to help treat depression and for an example for each, a female named Sam. The first example used in Wades example would be rank theory depression. Sam made many friends in High School and was well-known throughout school. She would have a major position in the student council and would be the captain and the star player of two major sports teams. As Sam would walk through the hallways, she would find pleasure in being greeted. Sam would be excited over the thought of going to college and having the opportunities of interacting with a new group of people. However , when in college, the idea of instantaneous social acceptance would not be a reality. Starting from the bottom of the social hierarchy, Sam could not begin to understand or accept her new social position and became frustrated and angry; later towards the end of her first semester she would feel depressed. By applying the social rank theory, phycologists may now begin to determine why Sam is depressed. According to Stevens and Price, when organisms are demoted to a lower social rank, they will become depressed in order to accept this fact and reduce their desire to get back on top (Stevens A.). This is an evolutionary function and is designed to avoid conflict between the new and old leaders (Stevens A.). Her treatment should be focused on Rational Emotive Therapy which teaches her that being a leader can be irrational (Wade). The next theory, presented by Sigmoid Freud; is psychodynamic theory of depression which states that depression is a result from anger from imbalanced cognitions and behavior in childhood. To present this theory say for example Sam grew up in a strictly Catholic household that prided on being perfect. Sam has a loving and overprotective mother and a father who overbearing and abusive. However, Sam only displaces positive emotions to her parents and becomes confused on the child. She cannot be angry at her parents because they are essential for survival and she wants to please her parents, but is unable to do so. So instead of being angry at her parents she directs the anger inwards towards herself, this happens unconsciously according to Freud. The treatment based off of the psychodynamic theory would need the Sam to decrease her self-punishment and allow her to understand that it is okay to not be perfect (Wade). Instead of feeling disappointed that she is not perfect, she should ha ve the mind set to work towards perfection; perfection is non-existent. Setting small goals may also help her but only if she allows herself to feel accomplished. Lastly, Becks cognitive theory of depression states that the primary cause of depression is through negative thoughts (Rashmi Nemade). First off, what is cognitive psychology? It is the study of mental processes such as, memory, language, perception, creativity, thinking, attention and problem solving (Wikipedia). Going back to Sam, she thinks that she would never be able to please her parents and that she would be stuck in her social position for the rest of her college career. No matter how much effort Sam put into her activities she would never succeed. Sam is also homosexual and her parents do not accept her because of it. She feels that her future would compromise of either being untrue to herself or defying her parents. There are three thoughts that result in her depression: belief that all efforts are futile, no hope for the future and feeling inadequate. During her therapy sessions, she would be taught to view failures as challenges that are possible to overcome and she needs to know that she is in control of her lifes course (Wade). Sam would have adopted an enchasing attribution to her problems that would enable her to feel hopeful about her efforts and the future (Schneider). References American Psychiatric Association. Diangnostic and statistical Manual of Mental Disorders. DSM-5. 2013. Anxiety and Depression Associatin of America. Anxiety and Depression. August 2016. . Rashmi Nemade, Natalie Staats Reiss, and Mark Dombeck. Cognitive Theories Of Major Depression Aaron Beck. 19 September 2007. . Rathus, Spencer A. Psychology Principles in Practice. Auston: Holt, Rinehart and Winston, 2003. 4. Schneider, F. W., Gruman, J. A., Coutts, L. M. Applied Social Psychology: Understanding and Addressing Social and Practical Problems. Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage Publications, 2005. Stevens A., Price J. Evolutionary Psychiatry: A New Beginning. London: Routledge, 2000. Wade, Rebecca Michelle. Theories of Depression. 5 October 2011. . WebMD. Depression, the Thyroid, and Hormones. 2016. . Wikipedia. Cognitive Psychology. 2016. .

Comparing the Reigns of Julian and Constantius Essay -- Ancient Civil

For a ruler to be successful, certain characteristics must be present in that specific person. There are many variances to the cookie-cut emperor, though they all share similar passions. For instance, while one ruler emphasizes trade routes and commercial power for expansion of their legion, another may emphasize war and destruction only to rebuild their own version of their legion in the place that had been won. Although both rulers have very different manners and ideas about how to expand their empire, both have the same wish to be fulfilled. This kind of contradiction of power and reason is very implemented into the storyline of Julian. Between Julian and Constantius, they both attempt to reform the state religion, but are at polar opposite ends in regards to what they believe in. Although both are somewhat successful during their turn as emperor, both have very distinct ways of unraveling one another's achievements. Beginning with Constantius, his rule is the foundation to the success of Christianity. By making various changes to the structure of rule and deliberate attacks on those who opposed him, the rise of Christianity as the state religion of Rome came into light. One of Constantius' very prominent strategies involved that of eliminating those who showed signs of threatening his authority. Amongst those in elimination, Julian's father, and eventually Julian's brother [who he technically did not have a close relationship with] [pp 16]. Not only did Constantious strike fear in the hearts of his people, but he also implemented bishops and those who held an office like such, into the core of the government. Constantius granted them power and luxuries that would further promote the Christian faith so the image o... ...mpire became a Christian state. Probably due to the lack of force Julian used, there left open spaces for fear to be set in by another ruler more like that of Constantius. Though a valiant effort to restore the old Roman Empire was made, the imminent fate of the empire soon takes hold after Julian's death. Works Cited Vidal, Gore. Julian. Boston: Little Brown, 1964. Print. Cook, Jeremy. "Review of "Julian" by Gore Vidal." We Are Amused. N.p., 28 Mar 2011. Web. 04 Apr 2012. . tristaprez, . "Julian- Gore Vidal Christianity vs. Paganism." Hubpages. N.p., 10 Aug 2006. Web. 01 Apr 2012. . Author Unknown. "Julian | Summary." BookRags. N.p., n.d. Web. 04 Apr 2012. .

Concept Paper Interior Design

CONCEPT PAPER (ONE-BEDROOM CONDOMINIUM UNIT) 1. DESIGN PHILOSOPHY Design a space that is worth-living, aesthetically functional, and innovatively efficient and one that complements the user’s personality, defines his attitude and suits his lifestyle. 2. DESIGN RATIONALE The client is a 32 years old female executive who is a workaholic and is very successful computer analyst. She wants her condominium unit to be a restful, relaxing place and a refuge from the office and the busy cosmopolitan ambience of Makati City. Her desired space must be efficient, functional and equipped with the ease of technology. . DESIGN OBJECTIVE ? Be able to execute the design of the condominium unit that corresponds to the client’s desires and requirements ? Be able to design the space that is harmonious and unified yet fully functional, efficient and innovative ? Be able to match the required technological advances to the desired design of the space 4. DESIGN CONCEPT Design the condominium u nit with a simple yet sophisticated style to suit the profile of the client and use soothing color schemes to make the space a sanctuary and a place to feel maximum rest away from the city’s busy ambience. . STYLE Contemporary Zen Style 6. DESIGN STRATEGY Use a color scheme that can be soothing and relaxing like blues and greens but balance it with neutral colors to make the space sophisticated. Place furniture pieces that are of clean-lines to avoid busy or cluttered space and that will also add to the room’s lightness for maximum relaxation. Put additional innovative features inside the condominium unit to adhere to the client’s requirement of technological convenience.

New Employee Orientation Programs Essay

In recent years employee orientation programs have taken on a position of importance in most successful organizations. All of the information in this process will facilitate the orientation of new employees. Most employers provide orientation programs for new hires and training programs for both current and new employees. These programs have different purposes. Orientation programs typically deal with the assimilation of employees into new working environments while training programs generally concern “hands on” job or functional skills development The orientation for new employees will provide the appropriate information regarding their job andThe topics addressed include should include: program evaluation, testing, certificates of completion, training records, equal opportunity for training, hours worked, harassment and discrimination training, safety training, repayment of training expenses. All new employees should complete a new employment orientation program that is designed to assist them in adjusting to their jobs and work environment and to instill a positive work attitude and motivation at the onset. A thoughtful new employee orientation program can reduce turnover and save an organization thousands of dollars. One reason people change jobs is because they never feel welcome or part of the organization they join. The most important principle to convey during an orientation is your commitment to continuous improvement and continual learning. That way, new employees become comfortable with asking questions to obtain the information they need to learn, problem solve and make decisions. Preparing a checklist of subjects, which should be reviewed with each new employee, is imperative, as well as setting aside the appropriate amount of time for this to be done(Legge 2005). Time should be devoted to this new employee without interruptions to convey to the new person that they are the most important item on the agenda at the moment. A New Employee Orientation Checklist is crucial to expedite the orientation process a make it as more productive one and the check list should include: Personnel file contents, verification of any licenses or certifications  required on this person’s job, Complete necessary paperwork, INS Form I-9, Employment Eligibility Verification, Employment agreement if you use them, Receipt for their copy of your employee handbook, W-4 Form for payroll withholding. Personal data sheet so you will have the information necessary on emergency contacts, home address and telephone number, social security number. Explaining the companyÂ’s practice, policies and procedures to the new employees is important since it will clarify what benefits is the employee entitle to, as well as what will be expected from the employee such as: hours of work and attendance/tardiness policy, payroll periods, when paychecks are delivered and when first check will arrive, rates of pay, overtime rules, training or introductory employment period, employee benefits for which they are or may become eligible: medical insurance, sick leave, vacation, personal leave, jury duty, holidays, pension programs, savings programs and/or stock plans, life, disability and accident insurance, employee activities, other benefits you offer and how much the employer will pay for each. advancement or promotion opportunities and procedures and employee suggestion plan. During orientation new employees should have the opportunity to know the corporate culture, and understanding of “how we do things around here.† (Legge 2005)This is the best time for to create the attitude expected from workers to have in performing their jobs, setting the tone for the remainder of their employment with the company, making it positive to stress the things which are truly important the organization, and, giving the employee opportunity to ask questions along the way. A well-thought-out orientation process takes energy, time and commitment; however it usually pays off for the individual employee, the department, and the organization. An effective orientation program – or the lack of one – will make a significant difference in how quickly a new employee becomes productive and has other long-term impacts for your organization. The end of the first day, the end of the first week, the end of each day in your employment, is just as important as the beginning. Help your employees feel  that you want them to come back the next day, and the next, and the next. References Legge, K. (2005). Human Resource Management: Rhetorics and Realities. Anniversary ed. Macmillan. Lowman, R. (2002). California School of Organizational Studies Handbook of Organizational Consulting Psychology. Jossey-Bass. . Retrieved January 23, 2007Steyaert, C. and Janssens, (1999). Organization (Special Issue) Sage Publications . Retrieved January 24, 2007, from: http://org.sagepub.com/content/vol6/issue2/

Police Operations Essay

There are different levels of law enforcement which include local, state and federal levels. We are told by The National District Attorneys Association that (NDAA, p. 1) â€Å"As federal authorities are obliged to investigate all incidents that may be federal civil rights crimes, and local and state authorities have independent jurisdiction over such cases under their own criminal statutes, this MOU also should improve the reporting of all such violations to local, state and federal authorities. We are also educated from the same source that this will â€Å"increase public confidence in this critical law enforcement areas. † This demonstrates that all levels of law enforcement can work more effectively together in their efforts at maintaining peace but many times these different levels work alone when the situation falls under one category that is controlled by a specific are of law enforcement. The local law enforcement agency is a level which involves city and county sheriff departments which include domestic violence situations, traffic stops and basically all citizen laws within city or county limits. State law enforcement agencies is a level of law enforcement where state troopers usually enforce interstate commerce traffic and they also have a division within the state detective agencies that investigate crimes as well as respond to local and county calls when local law enforcement agencies are backed up and aren’t able to take care of the calls received. Federal law enforcement agencies handle a wide variety of felony crimes which usually take over the local and state jurisdiction boundaries when federal crimes are committed. They also investigate counterfeit currency and bank robberies. Any time there is a kidnapping crime to be handled, the federal law enforcement level will investigate where local and state agencies have fulfilled their duties. All levels of law enforcement will generally work together for one cause in solving cases where the law has been broken. Each level of law enforcement is extremely important where the local level handles lesser crimes and federal handle major offenses where federal offenses such as bank robberies, illegal felony possession of firearms, distribution of drugs over state lines and cases where federal laws are offended. August Vollmer was a pioneer in law enforcement who contributed to the development of criminal investigative techniques. We are told by Jim Fisher (Fisher, p. 1) that â€Å"In 1905, the citizens of Berkeley, California, banded together to rid themselves of the prostitutes, gambling houses, and opium dens operating openly in their town. The man they elected to do the job was a 29-year-old uneducated mail carrier who promised to clean things up. † Vollmer dedicated much of his time to making changes in law enforcement by changing the way officers were trained, thought and acted as law enforcement officials. He was well-known for using good judgment skills and his own common sense. Another pioneer in law enforcement was Officer James Foreman. We are told that (Lieberman, 2002) Foreman was our first African-American police officer. â€Å"Senator Joe Lieberman today paid tribute to Stamford, Connecticut’s first African-American police officer, James Foreman. † He is one of the many who were pioneers in law enforcement who made a huge difference is our country through their dedication.

Law and Contract Strategy Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

Law and Contract Strategy - Essay Example However, for a valid contract to be valid, the elements must be: a) capacity, b) mutual assent (which includes offer, acceptance, and meeting of minds), c) consideration, d) lawful purpose, e) certainty of terms, and f) form provided by law (Essential 2006). On the other hand, Wikipedia (2007) cited the three key elements of a contract under common law jurisdictions as: a) offer and acceptance, b) consideration, and c) intent to create a legal relation. In sum, while the law considers three essential elements (consent, consideration and object), a valid contract requires other elements (e.g. capacity of parties, lawfulness of object, etc.). A contract is an agreement of parties (two or more) arrived at after adequately considering to do or refrain from doing an action (Contract Law. n.d.). It is also defined as a promise(s) which provide(s) a remedy for its breach or which the law recognises its performance as a duty (Contract Formation n.d.) (Essential 2006). It covers a wide array of subjects and transactions from sale of real or personal property, or terms of employment (Larson 2003). It defines the rights and obligations of a party, provides the means to enforce the rights, and allocates risks between the parties (Lewis-Elements n.d.). Contracts vary according to its usage. A construction contract is complex because it involves numerous parties (e.g. engineer, quantity surveyor, etc.), long period of execution, and a series of subcontracts (Lewis-Elements n.d.). In the construction sector, all details necessary to reflect the intents, timetable, insurance, or dispute settlements are considered essential elements. T o ease this complexity, industry professional and organisations created forms that will cover every detail of their particular needs, such as: building contracts (JCT series), engineering contracts (ICE series), government contracts (GC Works series), etc.

Is Work life balance an unrealistic dream or something that Essay

Is Work life balance an unrealistic dream or something that organisations should pay attention to - Essay Example A work life balance is important because work life and life systems, although very different, are intertwined together in a firm manner. It has been proven through current theories that emotional spillovers from one side can affect the other. Such that, a disappointment at the job may translate in to a disappointment at the family level, and vice versa. One of the theories that are used to explain the relationship between the balance of work and life is the Work/family border theory. Border Theory The border theory divests upon the interactions between the life and work of an individual and how he may attempt to balance them (Poelmans 2005). According to the theory, as Clark (2000) relates, the primary connection between the work and family systems is not emotional but it is human. So ‘people’ in the theory are regarded as daily border-crossers who have to make daily transitions between the two worlds- the world of work and the world of family. People are important here because they are considered responsible for shaping the worlds, for defining the borders between the two worlds and for determining their relation to each of the worlds. Although people are the primary agents at work here, to change the environments, they can themselves be affected in turn, giving rise to a work-family spillover (Hislop 2008). It is this concept that makes keeping a balance between the two worlds the most challenging thing. The border theory seeks to explain the complex interaction between the border crossers and their work and family systems and henceforth, attempts to attain a certain degree of balance between life and work. Psychological contract The psychological contract is also an important concept when it comes to the study of work/life studies and refers to the exchange occurring between the employee and the employer (Andrae 2008). Through the psychological contract, one can attempt to understand what employees and employers expect from a job and work enviro nment. According to Smithson & Lewis (2000), these expectations may not just be confined to tenures or promotions, but, may also include other things like a sense of entitlement to work/ life benefits and flexible working hours. It has been argued recently that a better integration of the worlds of ‘work’ and ‘life’ lead to a positive psychological contract. The psychological contract explains that meeting or breaking of promises has a greater influence than practices and policies (Cooper, Quick & Schabracq 2009). According to Roehling, Roehling and Moen (2001), work/life policies, such as the flexible working hours and informal support, are directly linked to employee satisfaction and loyalty which get translated in the form of a positive psychological contract. The met and unmet expectations have a significant impact on the attitudes and behaviours of the employees (Naswall, Hellgren & Sverke 2008). Recent research in UK also shows that employees tend to look for the awards that their psychological contract promises to deliver and to consider it their right to have an entitlement of flexible working hours, the lack of which is believed to be a violation of the psychological contract (Leat 2007). The psychological contract is an important tool because it considers the individual expectations of employees and employers. The approach is also important to shift the focus from policies and instead concentrate on the different settings of work and life systems for both the employees and emp

Globalization and the gains from international trade Essay - 2

Globalization and the gains from international trade - Essay Example n controlling trade is still enormous and many governments are increasingly accepting it as the norm rather than the exception (Tung and Henry, 2009). Debates in recent times centre whether globalization is diminishing trade or increasing it. Questions have been raised on the state the traditional roles and national governments sovereignty play over trade, and the effects that these portend in promoting fairness or inequality among countries. Others have zeroed on the balance of trade and trade payments the less developed countries, the developing countries vis-Ã  -vis the developed world, and the focus on the glaring policy intervention differences between the global north and the global south. This paper states at the outset that: Whereas globalization has been touching on every aspect of society today, scholars and thinkers alike have not agreed on a universal single definition of the term. Instead, a number of definitions, conceptualizations, and perspectives exist depending on which lens one views the concept. In Kemp’s world, the gains must be examined within the confluence of world tarries such that no country in the pedestal of globalization would be worse off than in the smaller customs union (Kemp, 1987). Kemp (1987) observes that the phenomenon of globalization has been extensively used in the world, specifically in admired discourses and policy issues. For him, globalization is a term that describes ways in which the world is progressively more interrelated, organized, and interdependent through a set of socially reinforced processes that is controlled by customs. These processes include among others, integration of markets, nation states and technologies to a scale that is aiding individuals, corporations and distinct governments to access and ‘navigate’ the world much more, more rapidly, much deeper an by less costly methods (Kemp and Wong, 1995). Kemp further characterizes the global economy and trade as that which is based on spread and

Law - Civil Procedure (Hong Kong) Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Law - Civil Procedure (Hong Kong) - Essay Example James (1854) 5 De G.M. & G. 876 and its brethren (Novello v. James (1854) 5 De G.M. & G. 876). This undertaking is not given to the party against whom the injunction is sought, but to the court who is overseeing the proceedings from which the injunction came (Zuckerman, 1994, p. 546). The reason that the plaintiff has to give this undertaking is in the event that either the injunction is dismissed for any reason, or that the defendant wins in a trial on the merits. In either of those cases, it must be shown that the defendant was kept from exercising his or her lawful rights, and was harmed by this. Therefore, the money given as an undertaking must be equivalent to what monetary damage that the defendant would experience because of this loss of rights. This undertaking is a safeguard for defendant’s rights, as the court is sworn to give both parties equal treatment, and it is a matter of â€Å"elementary fairness† that this undertaking is given (Kirklees Borough Council v. Wickes Building Supplies Ltd. [1991] 3 W.L.R. 985). However, the entitlement to damages is not independent of the undertaking (Fletcher Sutcliffe Wild Ltd. v. Burch [1982] F.S.R. 64), and whether or not the defendant is entitled to the undertaking is not decided by the material event, such as the injunction being dismissed or the defendant prevailing on the merits, but, rather, is a discretion of the court (Attorney General v. Albany Hotel Co. [1986] 2 Ch. 696). This discretion is not limited in any way (Cheltenham and Gloucester Building Society v. Ricketts [1993] 1 W.L.R. 1545. This means that the court does not necessarily have to grant the defendant the damages that have been deposited, even if the defendant prevails on the merits and even if the injunction is dismissed, and this discretion about whether or not to award the defendant is essentially unbridled. This brings up the question of what the undertaking is meant to compensate. The injunction usurps the defendantâ€⠄¢s rights in some way, and this is a harm that is suffered by the defendant. For instance, perhaps the defendant is enjoined from keeping open his business after he has already opened it, because the plaintiff seeks an injunction based upon the fact that defendant is, say, operating a business that is not zoned for a particular area. As it turns out, the zoning for the area is proper, and the existence of the business in this area is also proper. Yet Defendant has now lost several days or even weeks of business. This is a clear harm to the defendant, yet the court does not have to award the defendant the undertaking if the court deems this to be fit, and this discretion is not limited, therefore the defendant probably could not prevail on an appeal on the matter, as appeals courts are loathe to interfere with judicial discretion. This is obviously an injustice, but, since an undertaking is not a function of tort, criminal or contract law, it is difficult to classify it, so it is di fficult to state what is proper when examining judicial discretion on the issue. One clear way that the defendant may get the undertaking would be when it is clear that the injunction should never have been granted (Norwest Holst Civil Engineering Ltd. v. Polysius [1987] CA Transcript 644. However, there is a difficulty in ascertaining when an injunction should

Radio summury Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Radio summury - Essay Example They are of compelling topics, and they aim at advertising new music (Bing, Alison, & John, 314). It is an engaging program that an individual does not get tired of listening. The reception from the listeners is positive, and this markets the program. In addition, the songs played deliver significant messages to the people. It promotes cultural diversity, which directly facilitates peace and cohesion among the people. However, the show would be livelier in the presence of co-host. One hour a long time for one host and he gets tired and bored during the show. Also, to criticize the music two parties are required because one person cannot praise and criticize the same song. In addition, there many callers at the same time and this cause delays in the program. During commercial breaks, advertisements appealing to the listeners to support the program are aired. This is a brilliant strategy for the station to get funds from well wishers who are fans of the show, Music from Other Minds. : 50 Contests (the host tell the listeners to vote for their best song by sending certain codes for the songs to get the song of the day. He also asks a question based on the played songs where the winner gets a free copy of the songs tape and compact disc.) : 58 Ending remarks (the song that has the majority votes is announced and the listener who won the question of the day is rewarded. The host ends the show with the winning song playing- Beyonce Knowles

Population & The Environment Essay Example for Free

Population The Environment Essay Discussions regarding the environmental impact of increasing population densities across the globe never lose their currency. From Thomas Malthus to Paul R. Erlich and onwards, there is a persistent concern that a growing international population may not only reach a tipping point in which the planet’s ability to provide for it is stretched to its limit, but begin to experience detrimental effects in the form of environmental problems. This concern is not simply a matter of numbers, but a matter of how industrial civilizations have consistently failed to curtail anthropogenic impacts. As Donella Meadows (199) opines, â€Å"not only are there so many more of us, but each of us is bigger† when one measures the amount of energy and material we use and the amount of pollutants and waste created by the industries we have created to support our energy and material use. In effect, â€Å"The number of people is not what degrades the earth; its the number of people times the flow of energy and material each person commands. † One of the most frequently cited means by which highly dense populations negatively impact the environment is through intense car use. Alex Steffen (2008) notes that intensive car use within a finite geographic territory is not only a massive contributor to greenhouse emissions that are warming the planet, but they also command a large amount of resource use through the inputs necessary to maintain highway infrastructure, build the actual cars and fuel them. Granted, the resource consumption and greenhouse emissions caused directly by private automobile ownership is absolutely no surprise to anyone, but the less obvious implication that Steffen reports is that exhaust emissions are only a fraction of the environmental impact of the automobile. Over the course of the mid-20th century onwards, the increasing prominence of the automobile as part of modern living has necessitated the construction of massive highway infrastructure. The result is that when you factor dense populations with intense private ownership and use of automobiles is that not only is there a massive amount of greenhouse emissions, but the amount of pavement this infrastructure commands can contribute significantly to the heat island effect which has become a concern among urban planners as of late. Heat islands not only increase the amount of energy expended on indoor air conditioning, but they can worsen air quality. (Steffen, 2008) As such, Steffen argues that no matter the great lengths that today’s automobile manufacturers go to in order to make their automobiles into shiny fuel-efficient emissions-reduced green things to sate the eco-minded consumer, it will not be enough to remediate environmental impacts brought about by car use. Take for example the push towards biofuels, which is essentially, a push for auto manufacturers, in collaboration with energy companies, to make automobiles that run on renewable agricultural products that emit a reduced amount of greenhouse gases. While there is much fuss in the mainstream press about the extent to which the biofuel industry is cannibalizing the food supply, a more overlooked concern is the manner in which the expansion of industrial agriculture to such a massive scale negatively impacts the environment. Simply put, the principal concern is not the ability of agriculture to feed populations, but rather how the expansion of the food supply, combined with the accommodations made for biofuels, has a deleterious effect on the environment. Manning (85-89) notes that the homogenous and unsustainable approach of industrialized corn-based agriculture is detrimental to the health of the soil. As such, there is a possibility that the massive conversion of lands towards the production of corn could recreate the conditions of The Great Dust Bowl, a period in the American heartland which saw hundreds of thousands of would-be wheat farmers plow the soil to death to profit from golden grain. Thus, as civilizations increase in population density, so too do their demands in food and automobile use, effectively exerting a greater toll on the planet’s natural environment. In any case, we must be mindful to remember that the problems inherent with a massive human population should not lead us to conclude that humans have no ecologically acceptable place in the planet. Humanity is not a virus on the operating system of the planet. Rather, what human society should begin to acknowledge is that it must begin to take a more comprehensive look at its impacts in order to correct them thoroughly. REFERENCES Meadows, Donella. â€Å"The Deep Six. † Grist. 12 October 1999. Retrieved online on March 14, 2009 from: http://www. grist. org/comments/citizen/1999/10/12/deep/index. html Steffen, Alex. â€Å"My Other Car is a Bright Green City. † Worldchanging. 23 January 2008. Retrieved online on March 14, 2009 from: http://www. worldchanging. com/archives/007800. html Manning, Richard. Against the Grain: How Agriculture Has Hijacked Civilization. New York: North Point Press, 2004.

Failure In An Air Compressor Engineering Essay

Failure In An Air Compressor Engineering Essay Abstract In this project, the mission which needs to be accomplished is to investigate the relentless root cause of such failure and to give useful recommendations which can help to avoid such failures in the reciprocating compressor under study in the future. An engine driven auxiliary air compressor failed, the air compressor is located in the Hawke workshop. The first stage will be to establish details about the compressor, the manufacturer and how the compressor works. Classification of compressors and types will be also discussed and of course the theory of operation. Collecting components failed in order to be examined subsequently for the failure cause or causes this will be held using a variety of methods. NDE (non-distractive examination) or NDT (non-destructive testing) is valuable way to use for preliminary inspection of the failed parts without damaging it. Discussion of the probable causes for the failure well be performed in the following chapters as well as the conclusion obtained from study conducted. Introduction This project will investigate and analysis a failure happened in an air compressor. This investigation will be done in several ways to figure out the cause of the failure. Air compressor is a machine has the ability to compress the air and release it to convert the electrical power to kinetic energy to use it in several industrials and usages. Air compressor is consisting of many components. These components are electrical motor, pistons, air pump, air receiver, air drier, filters, air pressure regulator and pressure switch. All of these components will be discussed in details in the next chapters. There are also types of air compressor will be discussed later. Background The case which had here is a failure in an air compressor. From the first sight on the damage happened in it, it seems to be that the failure happened in the connecting rod and its obvious from the below figure number 1. This figure shows that the failure happened in the connecting rod from the ring part which connected to a crank shaft. But the reason for this failure is unknown as there are several scenarios could be adopted. The first scenario is the fatigue is the reason for this failure. The second scenario is a very heavy pressure loaded to the compressor which led to that failure. These are the most expected scenarios which will be investigated later in this project to figure out the reason of the failure. C:UsersAzizDocumentsreportsgreenwichMOHAMMADAir_CompIMG_0471.JPG Figure 1: Failure of compressor connecting rod Amis and objectives Aims: The main aim of this graduation project is to investigate and discover the cause or the causes of failure of diesel engine driven auxiliary reciprocating air compressor made by Knorr-Bremse, model number is LP 4865. This will be achieved by carrying out the below objectives, once its achieved, the main aim of the project will be achieved. Project objectives: Collecting valuable information about, model number is LP 4, this will include: design of compressor, design of each part, construction materials of each part, operation principles, working theory, production range..etc. collecting data will help to recognize main failure cause, and accordingly to prepare new procedure to eliminate the problem, to decrease the opportunity of failure occurrence in the future, use greater safety factor and to recognize the person or the entity responsible for failure and to make mistake proofing for future avoidance of the failure. Collecting this background information is not limited to numbers only but it is should be extended to everything such as pictures, charts and graphs and samples. Investigating operational parameters, history of operation, nature of operation..etc in order to be able to determine precisely the root cause of such failure and which failure mode it follows. Physical investigation or macroscopic inspection should be carried out. This mission includes photo capturing, code of the product, model number, lot number, batch number and serial number. Perform compressor disassembly in order to dismantle each component, part, assemblies and sub-assemblies to perform through investigation and inspection of each. Its should be mentioned that necessary tests and analyses should be performed; mainly the manufacturer usually has his own procedures and tests for test and inspection. Air Compressor What is the air compressor? Air compressor is a machine that converts electric power to kinetic energy (motion). This energy comes from pressurizing and compressing air. After that, the compressed air goes into a chamber, and the air kept in the chamber by unidirectional valve. There are many types of compressors these types are: reciprocating compressor, rotary screw compressor and centrifugal compressor. These types will be explained in details below. Reciprocating compressor: Reciprocating air compressor is positive displacement compressor. This compressor sucks a volume of air and presses it with high pressure. This pressure done by using a piston and cylinder as movement part and displacement part. The compressor could be single acting or double acting according to its accomplish by using one side or both side. When the pressure difference between the cylinder and the receiver became proper, the valves open. Inlet valves open when the pressure in the cylinder is slightly below the intake pressure. Discharge valves open when the pressure in the cylinder is slightly above the discharge pressure. The compressor could be a single stage when the compression process done parallel. Rotary screw compressor: Also Rotary air compressor is a positive displacement compressor. Single stage helical or spiral lobe oil flooded screw is the most common in rotary air compressor. This compressor is consisting of 2 rotors located in a case where the air is compressed internally without any valves. The cooling for these compressors done by oil. As the cooling for the working parts happened inside the compressor, this type of compressor will not experience over heat due to operation, so it could operate without stop. Due to the simple design of the rotary screw compressor and its parts it can be maintained easily and installed any where could handle its static weight. The 2 stages rotary air compressor uses 2 rotors with a combined air end. This 2 rotors installed in series to share the compression. This raise up the efficiency with 50%. This 2 stage rotary compressor combined the maximum profit from the rotary screw with its simplicity and flexibility and the reciprocating compressor with its effect ive energy when it works 2 stages with double acting. The 2 stages of this compressor could be cooled by water, air or oil. The cooling system for this compressor could be oil, air and water. Centrifugal compressor: The centrifugal air compressor is a dynamic compressor that depends on transfer of energy from a rotating impeller to the air. This done by changing the airs momentum and pressure. By slowing the air in stationary diffuser the momentum converted to pressure. This compressor is oil free compressor. There is a separation between the lubricated oil and air by shaft seals and atmospheric vents. Where the high volume of dry air is required a centrifugal compressor is the proper compressor as it has a few moving parts and could operate continuously. The reciprocating air compressor (knorr-bremse, model lp 4865) The main study object in this project as said before is to study the reciprocating air compressor (knorr-bremse lp 4865). By searching the internet and try to get information about the air compressor which needed to complete this study but unfortunately the required information couldnt be found. So the general information about the reciprocating air compressor will be mentioned instead of the specific air compressor. There are 9 main parts for the reciprocating air compressor these parts are: Crank case: Crank case is a close rigid body where the crank shaft and the bearing house where located. This body could by rectangular or square shape. Mainly crank case formed by using cast iron. Crank Shaft: Crank shaft in one of the most important parts in air compressor. It is a motion transferor. It designed as one piece has balance in its dynamics and tries to avoid any twisting. To ensure a long life for bearings, the polishing and crank pin will be done. Generally crank shafts have a fly wheel. This crank shaft manufactured mainly of high grade S.G iron. Connecting rod: This part is responsible of transfer the motion from the crank shaft to the piston and changing the direction from the rotating motion come from the crank shaft into reciprocating motion in piston. This part is mainly forged of alloy steel. Bearings: Bearings are made to provide the rotating gear with rigidity. Its mainly manufactured of copper lead alloy. Cross slide: to get a perfect running for cross head, this part is responsible for reduce the inertia. This part is commonly manufactured of high grade S.G. iron. Cylinder: This part is where the air flow passes and compressed. Cylinders are manufactured with water jacket to reduce the generated heat from the compression process. This cylinder mainly made of cast iron. Pistons: Piston is the main part in the compression process, which move forward to compress the air and backward to intake a new air amount to compress. There are 2 types of piston according to its lubrication system, the first type is non-lubricated which made from aluminium alloy, and the second type which is lubricated is made from cast iron. Due to moving of piston in the cylinder, so there must a space exist between them, to ensure there is no leak happened for air a piston rings located on piston. Piston rod: Piston rod is this rod which connects the piston to the connecting rod. The piston rod is manufactured of alloy steel. Intake and discharge valves: These valves are responsible for the amount of air sucked or discharged. When the piston in the retraction position the suction valve open to allow the air to get in. when the piston move forward and reach the maximum pressure the discharge valve open. These 2 valves are adjusted to be opened and closed according to the pressure difference between inside the cylinder and the outside. These valves are made from stainless steel even a plate type or spring type. Problem Analysis The first problem in this study is that damage which happened in the connecting rod from ring which connected with crack shaft. As said in the background, there are 2 scenarios leads to this damage. The first scenario is a fatigue accrues in the connecting rod with lead to this damage as it couldnt stand the motion and the pressure any more. The second scenario is an excessive pressure more than the maximum pressure which could be hold by the compressor. At the same time a malfunction in the discharge happened, and this could be taken in consider as it must opened at slightly below the maximum pressure. In both scenarios, the damage in the connecting rod lead to another greater damage in the piston and the cylinder, as the piston start to move in non-liner motion and hitting the cylinder wall. This leads to a serious damage in the compressors piston and cylinder. The second problem is gathering the information about the air compressor Knorr-Bremse Lp 4865. This problem happened as the manufactured company keep the information about this compressor not listed and its material and properties to figure out the reason of the damage, maybe by knowing its maximum pressure or material type to check the fatigue on it. Problem Solution To overcome the second problem a deeply internet search is made with trying to contact with the manufactured company through their website www.knorr-bremse.com, but with no result. So another technique implemented, which is gathering common information about reciprocating air compressor and its common parts and materials. This could be useful but not accoutre.